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The “Speech” The multi-level connotation of the concept of “benevolence” and the meaning of modern Chinese political thinking
Author: Sato Yasuhiro
Source: “Southern Academics – Macau Major” Volume 14, Issue 4 (December 2024)
Excerpt Important: Through the study and development of “Concept History/Concept History”, this article uses the “Concept History” study and analysis of all the use cases of “benevolence” in “Speech”, as well as its relationship with concepts such as “filial piety”, “gift”, and “saint”, and the diagram shows the multi-level meaning of the concept of “benevolence” and the unique political thinking presented by its multi-level nature. The points proposed in this article can be divided into the following three points: First, in “speech”, especially compared with other virtues such as “saint”, the concept of “benevolence” is not regarded as the highest unparalleled value. Second, from the middle to the early years, among the various marquis countries in Huaxia, small political organizations (in Lu, the political organizations of the Lu Office, the Sanhuan, the Yangshu, and even Confucius’ own political organizations) were born, and these new political organizations died in the process of assistance, competition, attack, merger, etc. In such a disturbing political environment, the monarchs of the state or the leaders of the new political organizations that continued to emerge at that time were very demanding talents who were able and would not replace them. “Speech” The concept of “benevolence” is important to help the hosts of national organizations and relevant personnel who were responsible for deputy members to develop their political effectiveness. Third, from the standpoint of the Confucius scholar who is important in the real world, “benevolence” becomes the virtue that must be realized immediately and finally achieve the best efforts of his life. Among the above concept of “benevolence”, the third connotation can make “benevolence” a means of possessing “human morality” in later generations. However, the specific meaning of the concept of “benevolence” in the late age-war country’s ties should have nothing to do with this broad moral meaning.
Keywords: “Benevolence” “Saint” “Filial Piety” “Speech” “Speech” Confucius Pre-Qin Confucian Political Thought
Author Introduction: Sato, Ph.D., Philosophy (Chinese Thought), (Dr. L.A., Dutch, 2001), is now a teaching department of Taiwan’s philosophy. The research and discussion is about Confucianism, the establishment of the scientific field of “Chinese Philosophy” in the Meiji period, etc. Representative works include “Reference to the Rule of Liuhe: The Origin and Integration of Xunzi’s Political Thought” (English, 2003; Chinese, 2016), “The National Order of the Post-Zhou Lu era: “Xunzi” and “The age of the GU family “Comparative Study on Political Philosophy” (2022), etc.
(This article is a simple and automatic conversion, and there may be some omissions. Please check the original text if you use it)
This article uses the “Concept History/Concept History” research and development [1] to take the content of the use case of “Speech” and “Ren” as the target, and analyzes its relationship with other concepts such as “filial piety”, “gift”, and “sage”, and tries to draw the meaning and color of the concept of “Speech” and “Ren” in the late political thinking structure of the war era, in order to clarify the characteristics of political thinking during the war era. The important problem of writing this article comes from the fact that the author discovered that the concept of “benevolence” in “Guodian Chu Simplified” is more inclined to the meaning of “Zi De”. [2] If the concept of “benevolence” in “speech” also has similar meanings to this, can this meaning also affect the development of “benevolence” discussions in the political and social issues at that time?
According to this, this article will discuss it in accordance with the following four steps. First, conduct a micro-analysis of the concept of “benevolence” using cases: Here, the author analyzes the meaning of all the words “benevolence” and discusses the level of the main nature (and unpriority) of the concept of “benevolence” in each article of “benevolence”. This also assesses its relationship with other issues and virtues – such as “filial piety”, “gift”, “saint”, etc. This paper examines the use cases for each use case, and in the divergent chapter, the idea of ”author (people)” applying the concept of “benevolence”. Secondly, the author wants to understand the multi-level connotation of the concept of “benevolence” in “Speech” [3], as well as the relative importance and indecentness compared with other concepts. Third, based on the above analysis, it is interesting to prove that in “speech”, especially compared with other virtues such as “saint”, the concept of “benevolence” is not regarded as a unique and high value. Fourth, based on the above explanations, we will further introduce the following observations: The important ideological meaning of the concept of “benevolence” in “Speech” should be to cultivate scholars and introduce these talents to countries or political organizations that were in the process of conversion, and to assist the masters of countries or political organizations (taking Lu as an example, from the leaders of important political groups at that time such as Lu Guojun, Sanhuan clan, and Yang to Gongshan Fuzhan) as deputy.
In summary, this article wants to verify that the most important meaning of “benevolence” is to help the country manage its country. At that time, most of the Kongmen were composed of scholarly levels. As a “scholar level” to achieve moral integrity, whether it is in the daily level or in the real-time political management level, they can see the action standards they will eventually take forever. The concept of “benevolence” in this meaning is precisely the most important real virtue for the Confucius disciples in the late war. [4]
1. The situation where the concept of “benevolence” appears in “Speech”
This section explores the situation and its meaning of the concept of “benevolence” in “Speech”. Discussion hereImportant red (1) the syntax and characteristics; and (2) the situation and meaning that appear (not appearing) in the “Speech”.
First, we first understand the situations of the concept of “benevolence” in the twenty chapters of this “Speech” based on the statistical numbers, and compare this frequency with the appearance of other concepts. As collected in the appendix [Table 1], the word “Ren” appears in the “Speech” (including the title of “Li Ren”) 110 times. As for the appearance of virtue in “动” outside of “动” in “动”: the word “动” appears 76 times, the word “动” appears 24 times, the word “动” is 19 times, the word “动” is 18 times, and the word “动” is 38 times. Although it is not a virtue, the word “righteous person” with a very important meaning in “Speech” appears 107 times.
Next, let’s look at some characteristics of the word “ren” in terms of sentence patterns. “Strange” One of the characteristics of “benevolence” is that it does not form a synonym with other virtue objects, such as “benevolence” commonly seen in books such as “Mencius” and so on. The aphorisms containing “benevolence” in “speech” are only entangled with “benevolent people” and “benevolent people”. There is one example of “benevolent people” in “Shiling Gong”; there are many use cases of “benevolent people”, and they do not appear in “Liren”, “Yongye”, “Zihan”, “Yingfeng”, “Jing”, “Shiling Gong”. The “unkind” who oppose this also appears in “Liren”, “pure” and “conspiracy”. [5] There is also a more significant usage of the word “ren” in “Speech”, which is applied as a word of a certain word. In the entire “Speech”, there are many use cases for the word “Ren” as a Japanese word. First, apply it to express positive meanings: there are seventeen kinds of vocabulary words such as “benevolence” and “leiren”. There are 22 words in “Speech” and “benevolence” that also appear in “Speech” and “benevolence” with this antonym of this, and there are five use cases in total. In addition, there are also cases of “benevolence” in “speech” in meaning and “benevolence” as a food language, such as “benevolence” (“lien benevolence”), &# TC:
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